A pronunciation of Qatar inside English varies; see List of words of disputed pronunciation.

|- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=Deuce | National motto: n/a |- | align=center colspan=Ii style="background: #ffffff;" | image:LocationQatar.png |- | Official language | Arabic |- | Capital | Doha |- | Emir | Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani |- | Prime Minister | Sheikh Abdallah ibn Khalifah Al Thani |- | Area
 - Total
 - percent water | Ranked 158th
10,360 km²
Negligible |- | Population
 - Total (July 2005)
 - Density | Ranked 154th
863,051
79/km² |- | Independence
 - Recognised |
September 3, 1971 |- | Currency | Riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams |- | Time zone | UTC +3 |- | National anthem | As Salam al Amiri |- | Internet TLD | .qa |- | Calling Code | 974 |} History
Independent article: History of Qatar

Qatar has get one of a freshly emirates in the Arabian Peninsula. Fallowing domination by Persians for thousands of years & thomas more recently by Bahrain, by the Ottoman Turks, and per British, Qatar became an independent state on September 3 1971. Unlike virtually all nearby emirates, Qatar declined to get a share of either a United Arab Emirates or of Saudi Arabia.

Although a peninsular land mass that is Qatar has sustained homo for hundreds to thousands of years, for a bulk of its history the arid climate fostered lone short-short-run settlements by roving tribes. Kin group like a Al Khalifa and a Al Said (which would late ascend the thrones of Bahrain and of Saudi Arabia respectively) swept through the Arabian peninsula & camped on the coasts inside microscopic camping and pearling villages. A kin group battled both more for moneymaking oyster park & lands, often forming & breaking coalitions sustaining a single a second in their tries to establish territorial mastery.

A British at a start sought out Qatar & the Persian Gulf as an intermediator vantage point on the way to their compound interests within India, although the discovery of oil and hydrocarbons in the early 20th century would reinvigorate their interest. In a period of a 19th century, a instance of Britain’s formative ventures into a area, the Al Khalifa clan reigned over a Qatari peninsula from either a off-shore island of Bahrain to the west. Although Qatar legally got a status of a dependency, rancor festered against a Bahraini Al Khalifas along the eastern seaside in the camping villages of Doha & Wakrah. Around 1867 the Al Khalifas launched a successful effort to quash the Qatari rebels by sending a massive naval click to Wakrah. Bahraini aggression but violated an 1820 Anglo-Bahraini Treaty, & a diplomatic response of a British Protectorate placed into motion the political forces that would eventuate in the creation of the state of Qatar. Additionally to censuring Bahrain for its breach of agreement, a British Protectorate (by the Colonel Lewis Pelly) asked to negotiate with the representative from either Qatar. the asking carried by owning it a implied recognition of Qatar’s status when distinct from either Bahrain. To negotiate by owning Colonel Pelly the Qataris chose a respected enterpriser & long-instance resident of Doha, Muhammed bin Thani. His kindred, the Al Thanis, got taken comparatively little a portion within Gulf politics, however a diplomatic foray ensured their first participation & dominion when a regnant personal, a dynasty that continues to this day. the negotiation outcomes left Qatar by owning a just released-discovered feel of political selfhood, although it did non benefit official standing as a British protectorate until 1916.

A purple email of the British Empire diminished during a Second World War, and it diminished possibly extra once India became independent around 1947. Divergence for a British withdrawal from either a Gulf emirates increased when you took a Fifties, & the British welcomed Kuwait’s declaration of independence in 1961. heptad years late, once Britawithin officially announced that it would disengage (politically, non economically) from either a Gulf in triad years instance, Qatar joined Bahrain & seven more Trucial States in a federation. Regional disputes even so quickly compelled Qatar to resign & declare independence from either a coalition that would develop into a seven-imarat United Arab Emirates. So 1971 marked a inauguration of Qatar as an independent sovereign state.

Since 1995, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani has ruled Qatar: he seized control of the country from either his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani while the old Ameer holidayed within Switzerland. Under Emir Hamad, Qatar has had a notable total of sociopolitical liberalization, including the enfranchisement of women, a fresh constitution & the launch of Al Jazeera, the controversial Arabic satellite television news channel. Within 2005 a suicide-bombing that flushed a British teacher at the Doha Players Theatre shocked the united states, which had non antecedently experienced terrorism.

Politics
Independent article: Politics of Qatar

Economy
Independent article: Economy of Qatar

Prior to a discovery of oil a economy of the Qatari vicinity focussed in fishing and pearling. When a introduction of the Japanese genteel pearl onto the world market in the Twenties & Thirties, Qatar's pearling industry faltered. However a discovery of oil reserves, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed a united states's economy. Okay,, the united states has a high standard of living, with several welfare work offered to its citizens & all the agreeableness of any modern united states.

Qatar's national income primarily derives from either oil and natural gas exports. A united states has oil reserves estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.Quaternity kilometer³). Qataris' wealth and standard of living compare well using victims of Western European nations. Qatar has a greatest GDP per capita in the developing globe ($39,607 when of 2005).

When oil & barking spiders might remain a backbone of Qatar's economy, the united states is shopping for to cause a personal sector & acquire a "knowledge economy". Within 2004 it established a Qatar Science & Technology Park to attract and serve technology-based companies and entrepreneurs, from overseas and within Qatar.

Geography
Independent article: Geography of Qatar

A Qatari peninsula juts 16Klick (C miles) into a Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia. Good deal of the united states consists of the moo, barren plain, covered by having sand. To a sou'-east lies the outstanding Khor even al Adaid or 'Inland Sea', an metropolitan area of rolling sand dunes surrounding an recess of the Gulf.

the greatest point inside Qatar occurs in the Jebel Dukhan to the west, a range of moo limestone rock outcrop going northward-south from either Zikrit across Umm Bab to the southern border, and reaching astir 90m ASL. This vicinity too contains Qatar's independent seaward oil deposits, when a natural flatulence fields lie offshore, to the northwest of the peninsula.

Demographics
Independent article: Demographics of Qatar

100% Qataris profess Islam. Besides ethnic Arabs, much of the people migrated from either various nations to act in the united states's refining industry. Arabic serves as a official language, however numerous residents know English.

expats form the majority of Qatar's residents. A petrochemical industry has attracted humans from either completely as much as the world. Virtually all of the expats came from either either South Asia & from surrounding non-oil-rich Arab nations.

Culture
Independent article: Culture of Qatar

Qatar explicitly utilizes Wahhabi law as a basis of its government, & a brobdingnagian majority of its citizens watch this specific Islamic philosophical system. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab founded Wahhabism, the puritanical version of Islam which requires a literal interpretation of the Koran and the Sunnah. In a 18th century Abd Al-Wahhab formed a compact sustaining the al-Saud personal, the founders of Saudi Arabia, and flushed a "idolatrous" practices of Sufism and Shiism from their domains.

In a early 20th century, while the Al-Thanis realized that converting to the doctrine of their big neighbor will bode easily for the survival of their régime, it imported Wahhabi Islam was imported from either Saudi Arabia to Qatar. Peradventure as an result of the importation, Wahhabism will require the less nonindulgent form inside Qatar than within Saudi Arabithe, though it however governs a big part of Qatari mores & rituals. E.g., whole but all Qatari women have on a melanize abaya (also donned around Saudi Arabia) - however, Qataris din't univerally inflict a style on foreigners.

Music of Qatar

Education
Independent article: Education in Qatar

Inside recent years Qatar has set dandy emphasis in education. Along using a country’s loose health care to each citizen, each infant has loose education from either kindergarten across college. Universities from either a United States of America have started opening satellite campuses within Education City, Qatar, including Weill Cornell Medical College, Carnegie Mellon University, Georgetown University, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Texas A&M University. Linking these universities sustaining industry, a Qatar Science & Technology Park was established at Education City in 2004.

Inside November of 2002 a Emir Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani created, by decree total 37, a Supreme Education Council, which includes among its councillor the Emir’s married woman, Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al-Missnad. A council directs & controls education for tons levels from either a pre-school level through the university level.

Miscellaneous topics
Al Jazeera television broadcaster Communications in Qatar Foreign relations of Qatar List of cities in Qatar Military of Qatar Public holidays in Qatar Transportation in Qatar University of Qatar